Boson lepton12/16/2023 ![]() Image artifacts such as tails on hot moving objects are a result of this property of the camera. The heating and cooling occur at a rate that is defined by the pixel’s time constant. Due to the pixel’s cooling mechanism, the contribution from past frames decays over time. As a result, a bolometer pixel will have memory of the signal that was collected in previous frames. Because the integration of signal is a physical rather than electronic mechanism, unlike a typical rolling shutter camera, in a Boson / Tau2 / Quark2 / Lepton camera there is no way to reset the integrated signal from an earlier frame.Signal is continually filling the bucket with water from the top (heating), while cooling is continually allowing some water out from the bottom. A good analogy for this is a water bucket with a hole in the bottom. As IR signal arrives, it contributes to the pixel heating, while at the same time there are inherent mechanisms that also allow heat to escape from a pixel. The pixels in the Boson / Tau2 / Quark2 camera register integrated signal via their temperature (get hotter when more signal arrives, and colder when less signal arrives). ![]() The Boson, Tau2, or Quark2 camera’s pixels are continually integrating on the signal (IR light) from the scene, and unlike a rolling shutter camera have no integration time adjustment.The differences between a Boson, Tau2, or Quark2 camera and a typical rolling shutter camera are the following: For a rolling shutter camera, the sampling and readout operation occurs directly following the conclusion of integration, and as a result also rolls from top to bottom of the sensor during a frame period and likewise with the integrator reset function. The actively integrating rows in a rolling shutter camera “roll” down the sensor from top to bottom during the course of the frame period. In a framing camera, the integration of signal function occurs for all pixels at the same time, while in a rolling shutter camera, the integration period occurs at different times for pixels in different rows. In typical electronic shutter cameras, each pixel in the sensor cyclically goes through the following functions during one frame period: integration of signal onto a collector (analogous to exposure time onto film) sample and readout of signal reset (to “zero”) of the integration collector. This limit is subsequently used to constrain the μ – τ Yukawa couplings to be less than 3.6 × 10 − 3.Boson, Tau 2, and Quark 2, and Lepton are more like rolling shutter cameras than framing cameras, but they do not perform exactly the same way that a typical rolling shutter camera performs. A constraint on the branching fraction, B ( H → μ τ ) < 1.51 % at 95% confidence level is set. The p-value of this excess at M H = 125 GeV is 0.010. A slight excess of signal events with a significance of 2.4 standard deviations is observed. The sensitivity of the search is an order of magnitude better than the existing indirect limits. The data sample used in this search was collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 8 TeV with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb − 1. The search is performed in the H → μ τ e and H → μ τ h channels, where τ e and τ h are tau leptons reconstructed in the electronic and hadronic decay channels, respectively. The first direct search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the recently discovered Higgs boson (H) is described.
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